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DYE PENETRANT INSPECTION  ( DPI ), Dye penetrant inspection  ( DPI ), also called  liquid penetrant inspection  ( LPI ) or  penetrant testing  ( PT ), is a widely applied and low-cost inspection method used to locate surface-breaking defects in all  non-porous  materials (metals, plastics, or ceramics). The penetrant may be applied to all non-ferrous materials and ferrous materials; although for ferrous components  magnetic-particle inspection  is often used instead for its subsurface detection capability. LPI is used to detect casting, forging and welding surface defects such as hairline cracks, surface  porosity , leaks in new products, and  fatigue cracks  on in-service components. History The oil and whiting method used in the railroad industry in the early 1900s was the first recognized use of the principles of penetrants to detect cracks. The oil and whiting method used an oil solvent for cleaning followed by the application of a whiting or chalk coating, which absorbed

Online API Courses TO REGISTER FOR THE ONLINE API – 510, 570, 653, 580, 577, 571, 1169 COURSES THE FOLLOWING ARE THE PROCEDURES Kindly send your API course details in which you want to study to our E-mail id:  esl@esltrainig.in  ,  qc@esltraining.in  / Whatsapp No: +91-9976761265. We will send the registration form and you have to resend the same with your full particulars along with 75% payment and remaining at the middle of the class the payment to be sent to our bank account mentioned below : A/C Name            –        ESL Industrial Support Services A/C No                   –        CD-05210200000-1424 Bank Name        –        INDIAN OVERSEAS BANK Branch                 –        KARUMANDAPAM BRANCH,                                              TRICH Y,  TAMILNADU, INDIA. IFSC Code         –         IOBA-0000521 Once we receive the payment, we will provide the preparatory course materials not the original code books for Preparation and Online tr

EDDY CURRENT TESTING (ECT) Eddy current testing (ECT) as a technique for testing finds its roots in  electromagnetism .  Eddy currents  were first observed by  François Arago  in 1824, but French physicist  Léon Foucault  is credited with discovering them in 1855. ECT began largely as a result of the English scientist  Michael Faraday 's discovery of  electromagnetic induction  in 1831. Faraday discovered that when there is a closed path through which current can circulate and a time-varying magnetic field passes through a conductor (or vice versa), an  electric current  flows through this conductor. In 1879, another English-born scientist,  David Edward Hughes , demonstrated how the properties of a  coil  change when placed in contact with metals of different conductivity and permeability, which was applied to metallurgical sorting tests. Although there were a number of encouraging developments in the 19th century, much of the actual development of ECT as an  NDT techniq